Amplify the Neural Noise

We live in constant search for patterns. Being able to recognize patterns is a survival instinct. If confronted with a lack of stimulus - lack of patterns - our brain invents a new reality - hallucinations, dreams.

Ganzfeld Effect

The Ganzfeld effect (from German for "complete field") is a phenomenon of visual perception caused by staring at an undifferentiated and uniform field of color. The effect is described as the loss of vision as the brain cuts off the unchanging signal from the eyes. The result is "seeing black" - apparent blindness. - [wikipedia]

Staring at a featureless field of vision can lead to hallucinations as the brain amplifies the neural noise in order to look for the missing visual signals.

It is very similar to dreaming during sleep as the brain lacks visual input in both states.

James Turrell and his Ganzfeld series

Turrell has a degree in perceptual psychology. He applies knowledge about the human perception when creating his art works, that mostly deal with light cast upon space. His series of installations named 'Ganzfeld' (1976-) invites visitors to step into large-scale walking environments that are illuminated in one color - a vacuum of visual stimuli. The senses are heightened and an exploration of one's sight and perception unfolds.

Turrell's works touch upon the sublime, by directing us towards the sky and making us reflect upon the nature of perception and reality. His relationship to the sky is inspired by by decades of experience as a pilot. His project Roden Crater let's you observe the heavens from inside a volcano.

Recognizing patterns where there are none

The brain is a pattern-searching and pattern-making machine. If we are confronted with random stimuli, the brain often recognizes patterns that are not there.

Apophenia is "the spontaneous finding of connections or meaning in things which are random, unconnected or meaningless". Pareidolia is the psychological phenomenon of finding of images or sounds in random stimuli. We see images of animals in the clouds and recognize faces on inanimate objects. The Electronic Voice Phenomenon lets us recognize voices in radio static or audio recordings. Pareidolia is used at the Rorschach inkblot tests to explore the feelings and thoughts people project into the blobs that are deliberately designed not to resemble anything.

Entoptic Phenomenon

Without enough external stimuli, the focus of vision often amplifies effects that are inherent in the body. Entoptic images are perceptual effects that have their cause in the physical eye itself.

• Floaters are those slowly-drifting transparent blobs of various shapes that usually appear when looking at bright monochromatic views.  They are actually shadows of objects - like swollen blood cells - onto the retina.
• Blue Field Entoptic Phenomenon describes those tiny bright dots moving on the visual along squiggly path lines. They appear due to white blood cells in the capillaries on top of the retina. The wavelength of blue is absorbed well by red blood cells, but white blood cells don't and therefore leave gaps that leads to the white dots.
• Haidinger's Brush
• Purkingje Images
  
• Purkinje Tree is the shadow of the retinal blood vessels you make visible by placing a bright light at the corner of your eye. Then the shadow casts upon areas of the retina that didn't adapt to naturally subtract the shadow.
• Purkinje's Blue Arc are faint blue arcs that appear between a bright spot in the darkness and the blind spot. It it linked to the nervous activity of sending signals from the stimulus spot to the optic disc.
• Phosphene are light patterns that appear without the occurrence of light and can be induced by mechanical, electrical, or magnetic stimulation of the retina, e.g. through pressure applied to the eyelids.